psychology current

Goal Setting

what are goals??

A Goal is a Dream or an Aspiration which has to be translated into reality within a time frame

it acts like a road map on a journey to success in life

there are basically three types of goals 

1. long term goals

2. short term goals

3. mid term goals

 Goal act as a powerful tool which enhances the performances and leads to success in life.

ADHD( Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and social deprivation

The current emerging research has suggested that infants and children who are raised in an environment of psychosocial neglect , the cortical development in them has slowed down and in turn leads to ADHD. added to that the University of Washington's research on children who have began life in an overcrowded orphanages in Romania have showed changes in brain structure due to early childhood neglect, subsequently a paper which was published in the journal " Biological Psychiatry" found that children who spent their early years in these institution's have thinner tissues of brain in some areas and those brain areas of reduced cortical mass correspond to impulse control and attention 

According to Dr. Katie McLaughlin, university of Washington " the differences suggests a way that the early care environment has dramatic and lasting effects for children's functioning" 

The Bucharest Early intervention Project was first to document and treat the children's health for about fourteen years and showed how social deprivation in early life affects the thickness of the cortex(folded layer of gray matter that forms the outer layer of the brain ) and according to McLaughlin, the pervasive pattern of differences  in the areas of brain is related to attention, working memory and social cognition and it is known that children raised in such institutions tend to have ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, about four to five times more often that other children

Source : http://psychcentral.com/

Theories of Emotions

James-Lange Theory of Emotion

This theory proposes that when an emotion provoking event is there it leads to physiological arousal and then that physiological response we interpret it as emotion  for example first we run  and then we tend to interpret running to a specific emotion

Motivation

 The word 'motivation' is taken from a greek word" movere" which means anything which is moving. Motivation can be explained in terms of  behaviour which is in the form of a goal directed way. firstly motivation cycle starts with a need ( lack or deficit) then that need leads to drive( arousal) and that arousal or tension in a person leads to goal directed behaviour, if the person achieves his goal then the motivational cycle ceases but if the person does not achieve his goal , the motivational cycle starts again.

Motivation works through motives. Motives can be of biological as well as psychosocial, some of the biological motives include hunger, thirst and sex and psychosocial motives include need for affiliation, need for power and need for achievement. Every person has motivation in one form or other, some will be consciously driven whereas others can be unconsciously driven which can be better studied through Freudian slips or slip of tongue phenomenon. 


The classic theory of motivation go backs to Maslow's Hierarchy theory of needs where he  explains the human behaviour in terms of Needs, he classified the need into different levesl occupying different hierarchy status and differentiated them in terms of Lower order Needs(physiological needs and safety nees) and Higher order Needs (belongingness, self esteem and self actualisation)

EMERGING TRENDS IN       PSYCHOLOGY/ BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY

•  Clinical psychology:This branch deals with diagnosis and treatment of behaviour that is regarded as abnormal, clinical psychology is the application of abnormal psychology. A clinical Psychologist treats disorders via psychotherapy and use of psychological tests
• counselling psychology:counselling deals with  the clients who  have minor emotional and personal problems

• developmental psychology: it is mostly concerned with the prenatal and postnatal process of growth and maturation
• industrial psychology: the application of psychological knowledge and principles to the problems concerning  human beings
• experimental psychology: this discipline involves itself in studying the fundamental processes and causes of behaviour, they do pure research and study processes such as  Perception, memory , motivation , emotion etc.
• social psychology
• environmental psychology
• health psychology
• military psychology
• correctional psychology
• para psychology
• school and educational psychology

EMERGING AREAS UNDER PSYCHOLOGY

1. COGNITIVE RESEARCH
2. MIND BODY RELATIONSHIP
3. HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
4. EYE WITNESS TESTIMONY
5. AEROSPACE PSYCHOLOGY

Emotion

Emotions are subjective feelings characterized by biological reactions, psycho physiological expressions and mental states. These emotions vary from person to person

Diffrent types of emotions

some of the best emotional quotes are :

"The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched. They must be felt with the heart” - Hellen keller

One thing you can't hide - is when you're crippled inside.” 
―  john lennon

"The emotion that can break your heart is sometimes the very one that heals it...” 
― Nicholas Sparks, At First Sight 


“The world is a tragedy to those who feel, but a comedy to those who think.” 
― Horace Walpole